What should be checked before relying on a WPI figure?
Check maximum medical improvement, the body area, objective findings, the NSW Guideline chapter and any NSW modification before relying on a percentage.
Can this page calculate your percentage?
No. WPI depends on an assessor, maximum medical improvement, objective findings and the NSW Guidelines. This page is general information only.
Permanent impairment assessment
How permanent impairment is assessed for Frozen shoulder and adhesive capsulitis
Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis usually matters because it can restrict several directions of active shoulder movement. WPI should focus on reliable stable ROM and whether another diagnosis, such as cuff tear or neck-related pain, explains the symptoms.
What injuries can happen to this body part?
- Post-traumatic adhesive capsulitis after fall, lifting or shoulder injury
- Post-operative stiffness after cuff repair, stabilisation or fracture treatment
- Capsular restriction overlapping with diabetes, thyroid disease or non-work risk factors
Symptoms and findings that matter
- Reliable active ROM in flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation
- Whether passive ROM and clinical examination support capsular restriction
- Whether stiffness is stable at MMI rather than an early temporary phase
- Whether cuff tear, arthritis, dislocation, cervical radiculopathy or pain inhibition better explains the limitation
What investigations are usually relevant?
- Treating specialist report and final impairment assessment at maximum medical improvement
- Imaging, pathology, audiology, ophthalmology, respiratory, nerve or functional testing that fits the body system
- Operative reports, discharge summaries, rehabilitation records and objective clinical measurements where relevant
How WPI is assessed for this body part
- Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis usually matters because it can restrict several directions of active shoulder movement. WPI should focus on reliable stable ROM and whether another diagnosis, such as cuff tear or neck-related pain, explains the symptoms.
- Assessment source: NSW Guidelines Chapter 2 ROM principles and AMA5 Chapter 16 shoulder motion method where adopted by NSW.
- The assessor should explain maximum medical improvement, the body-system chapter, the method selected, any NSW modification, and why the objective findings fit that method.
How movement affects the assessment
- Frozen shoulder often affects reaching overhead, behind the head and behind the back.
- The real-life issue may be dressing, showering, sleeping position, vehicle use, shelves and overhead work.
- WPI needs reliable active ROM measurements; inconsistent effort or temporary stiffness may be challenged.
NSW upper extremity assessment rules
Main methodAMA5 Chapter 16 applies to upper extremity WPI, subject to the NSW modifications in Chapter 2 of the SIRA Guidelines.
Stable diagnosisThe impairment must be permanent and stable, with a defined diagnosis confirmed by examination.
ROM reliabilityActive ROM is used for impairment calculation. Passive ROM can help clinical examination, but inconsistent ROM should not be used as a valid parameter.
ConversionUpper extremity impairment is converted to WPI using AMA5 Table 16-3 as adopted by NSW.
No double countingThe same loss should not be counted twice through ROM, nerve, strength, diagnosis-based or surgery methods.
Shoulder ROM in everyday language
FlexionLifting the arm forward and overhead, such as reaching to a shelf.
AbductionLifting the arm sideways away from the body.
External rotationReaching behind the head, washing hair or positioning the arm for overhead tasks.
Internal rotationReaching behind the back, dressing, tucking in clothing or personal care.
ExtensionReaching backwards, for example behind the body or into a rear pocket.
Practical WPI examples
- A worker with persistent capsular restriction after treatment may need shoulder ROM assessment rather than a generic pain percentage.
- If the shoulder later improves substantially, an early ROM measurement may not represent permanent impairment.
Evidence checklist
- A clear diagnosis and the body area being assessed
- Records showing the condition has reached maximum medical improvement, if that is the issue
- Specialist reports, imaging reports and treating notes relied on by the assessor
- Objective findings on examination, not only symptoms described by the injured person
- A work and treatment chronology explaining the injury, treatment, surgery and recovery path
- Any previous injury, degeneration, congenital issue or non-work cause that needs apportionment considered
- Orthopaedic notes, physiotherapy ROM records, injection or hydrodilatation records, imaging excluding other causes and work-duty evidence
What usually does not increase WPI
- Assuming a scan result automatically gives a WPI percentage
- Confusing pain, disability or inability to work with permanent impairment
- Ignoring maximum medical improvement before arranging an assessment
- Using an AMA5 table without checking whether the NSW Guidelines modify or replace it
- Double counting the same impairment through two methods when the Guidelines require one method
- Using frozen shoulder as a label without ROM measurements
- Treating temporary stiffness as permanent
- Ignoring non-work risk factors where apportionment is raised
Assessment source
Assessment source: Assessment source: NSW Guidelines Chapter 2 ROM principles and AMA5 Chapter 16 shoulder motion method where adopted by NSW.
This section is source-backed general information. It is not a WPI assessment and is not legal advice.
- SIRA NSW Workers Compensation Guidelines for the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment: Source for the NSW assessment framework, MMI, AMA5 adoption, NSW modifications and exclusions.
- SIRA upper extremity chapter: Source for NSW upper extremity assessment rules and AMA5 Chapter 16 adoption/modification points.
Related injury and claim pages
Need a practical claim check?
If an impairment percentage, medical assessment or insurer decision is affecting your NSW injury claim, send the decision or report for a practical review. This is general information only and does not guarantee any result.
Request a free claim checkAssessment scope for Frozen Shoulder WPI Assessment
The assessment scope for Frozen Shoulder WPI Assessment should be stated precisely before any percentage is considered. The file should identify whether that label describes the primary diagnosed condition, a symptom of another injury, a regional overview or one component of a broader impairment. Findings from another body area or diagnosis should not be transferred without explanation. The report should connect the stated condition to the correct NSW Guideline chapter, objective findings, treatment history and any permitted combination or apportionment method. This distinction is particularly important where similar page labels cover different clinical questions.
- Confirm the diagnosis and body area being assessed as Frozen Shoulder
- Separate condition-specific findings from overlapping symptoms or injuries in another body area
- Check that the selected NSW Guideline chapter and method match the condition actually assessed
- Explain any combination, apportionment or exclusion rather than relying on the page label alone
Start with maximum medical improvement
Permanent impairment should generally be assessed when the condition is stable and unlikely to change substantially in the next year. Treatment, surgery and rehabilitation history may affect whether the timing is appropriate.
Use the NSW Guidelines first
The NSW Guidelines adopt AMA5 in many areas, but NSW modifications prevail. Do not assume an AMA5 table applies without checking the NSW chapter and any public SIRA clarification.
Keep the assessment practical
A useful assessment file separates diagnosis, objective findings, surgery history, work capacity issues, apportionment questions and the body-area method used by the assessor.
Ask about an impairment issueDocuments and records
Injury evidence to organise early
The useful records depend on how the injury happened, when symptoms were recorded and how treatment or work capacity changed.
- Date, location and short description of the injury event
- Medical certificates, reports, scans, treatment records or hospital documents
- Employer, insurer, police, incident or venue records where relevant
- Photos, witness details, dashcam or other supporting material if available
- Income, superannuation, work capacity or leave records where relevant
- Letters, emails, claim numbers and decisions already received
Common questions
Injury evidence questions
Short general answers only. The right next step depends on the facts, dates and documents.
Is WPI the same as being unable to work?
No. WPI is a medical impairment measure. Work capacity, weekly payments, damages, treatment disputes and TPD issues are separate questions, although the evidence may overlap.
Does pain alone create a WPI percentage?
Not by itself. NSW workers compensation excludes AMA5 Chapter 18 on pain. Chronic pain is assessed through the underlying diagnosed condition where the Guidelines permit it.
Can secondary psychological symptoms be added to physical WPI?
In NSW workers compensation, secondary psychiatric or psychological impairment is not assessed as permanent impairment. Primary psychological impairment is assessed separately and is not combined with physical WPI.
Injury pathway enquiry
Not sure which claim type matches the injury?
Start with how the injury happened, what medical records exist and how work or daily activity has changed. The same injury can sit in different pathways.